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Understanding Opioid Addiction Treatment

The opioid epidemic has claimed over 600,000 lives in the United States since 1999, with synthetic opioids (primarily fentanyl) now responsible for approximately 75% of overdose deaths. Effective treatment exists, but access remains the primary barrier — fewer than 20% of people with opioid use disorder receive MAT.

Modern opioid treatment centers on medication-assisted treatment as the evidence-based standard of care. Combined with behavioral therapy, MAT addresses both the biological and psychological dimensions of opioid use disorder.

MAT for Opioid Use Disorder

Buprenorphine (Suboxone) is the most widely prescribed MAT medication, available from any DEA-licensed prescriber since the 2023 X-waiver elimination. Methadone requires dispensing through federally licensed OTPs. Naltrexone (Vivitrol) blocks opioid receptors entirely and is administered monthly by injection.

Sources & References

  1. [1] CDC. Understanding the Opioid Overdose Epidemic. 2024.
  2. [2] NIDA. Medications to Treat Opioid Use Disorder. 2024.
  3. [3] SAMHSA. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder. TIP 63. 2021.

Opioid Rehab: Common Questions

Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) combined with behavioral therapy is considered the gold standard. Research shows MAT reduces opioid overdose deaths by 50%+ and has 60-90% retention rates at 12 months vs. 10-20% for abstinence-only approaches. The three FDA-approved medications are buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone.

Opioid detox takes 5-10 days. Inpatient rehab is typically 28-90 days. MAT maintenance may continue for months to years — there is no recommended maximum duration. Research shows longer treatment consistently produces better outcomes, and discontinuing MAT prematurely significantly increases overdose risk.

Yes — the period immediately following detox or rehab carries the highest overdose risk. Tolerance drops dramatically during treatment, so returning to pre-treatment doses can be fatal. This is why MAT maintenance is strongly recommended for opioid use disorder and why naloxone (Narcan) should be accessible during early recovery.

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